Current Status and Countermeasures of LED Lighting Industry Standardization
introduction
The huge economic and social benefits of the LED lighting industry have spawned Japan’s “21st Century Lighting†program, the US’s “Next Generation Lighting Planâ€, the EU’s “Rainbow Planâ€, South Korea’s “Solid State Lighting Planâ€, and Taiwan’s “New†National LED lighting development plans such as the Century Lighting Source Development Program and the National Semiconductor Lighting Project in mainland China. At the same time, the development of LED lighting standards and the establishment of a standard system have entered a stage of rapid development. This paper mainly makes recommendations on the standardization of LED lighting in China based on the analysis of the domestic and international LED industry and standard development status.
1. Characteristics of LED industry at home and abroad
LED industry is a high-tech industry integrating technology and capital. The technical level determines the chain and competitiveness of the industry. At present, the LED industry has formed a three-pronged competitive situation in Asia, the United States and Europe. Countries such as Europe, America, and Japan have monopolized core technologies in high-end and mid-end areas such as semiconductor substrate materials, epitaxial wafers, chips, and packages, occupying a major global market share. The high-end market is basically monopolized by Japan's Nichia, Toyoda Gosei, the US's Gelcore, Lumileds, CreeLighting, and Germany's Osram. The silicon substrate blue LED epitaxial wafer and chip technology independently researched and developed by Nanchang University in China once broke the situation of Nichia monopoly sapphire substrate and Cree monopoly silicon carbide substrate semiconductor lighting technology, indicating that the local industry is working hard under the pressure of increasing foreign investment. Enhance international competitiveness.
Although China's LED industry is basically started at the same time as foreign countries, in the international industrial chain of semiconductor lighting, China is still in the middle and lower reaches. Most of the manufacturers are doing package processing with low technical content. Most of the core component technologies need to rely on. Imports, whether materials, equipment, chips, packaging, and application technology, have not yet achieved a real breakthrough.
On the whole, the foreign LED industry is in the middle stage of the industrial development period, and China's LED industry is in the early stage of the industrial development period. This judgment from the perspective of life cycle is the result of a comprehensive analysis from the perspective of market size and structure, industry standards and technological innovation.
2. Market scale of LED lighting industry at home and abroad
Since the beginning of the 21st century, LED applications have focused on display, backlighting and lighting. The lighting field includes landscape lighting, low temperature lighting, automotive lighting, general lighting, etc.; backlight applications include mobile phones, notebook computers, LCD TVs, digital photo frames, outdoor billboards, etc. Overall, the scope of application continues to expand, and the trend of diversification is obvious.
In terms of LED market growth point, according to statistics, from 2009 to 2011, the combined growth of notebook backlight driver ICs and indoor lighting was the highest, 39% and 35% respectively; shipments were the most in smartphone backlight driver ICs. In the next few years, the growth of the LED backlight market will focus on the application of large-size LCD screens such as notebooks and LCD TVs; LED street lights will be the biggest hot spot in LED lighting applications.
In terms of LED market scale, according to professional research and forecast, the global LED lighting optoelectronic market will reach US$82.7 billion by 2015 (see Figure 1). The LED lighting market will continue to occupy a dominant position and grow rapidly, with high-brightness LED components and The demand for high-brightness LED modules will also increase year by year.
According to statistics, in 2009, China's LED production enterprises reached more than 5,000, with an industrial scale of 82.7 billion yuan, of which LED chip production value reached 2.3 billion yuan, an increase of 25% over 2008; LED package production value was 20.4 billion yuan; semiconductor lighting application scale It has increased by more than 30% compared with 2008, and its output value has reached 60 billion yuan. At present, China has become the world's largest producer and exporter of LED full-color display, solar LED lighting, landscape lighting and other applications. The emerging semiconductor lighting industry is growing rapidly.
3. Status of standardization development of LED lighting industry
With the continuous breakthrough of LED technology and the in-depth development of the industry, the requirements for LED standardization are getting higher and higher. In order to seize the commanding heights of the industry, the developed countries in the world have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in LED test research and standard setting, and have established their own LED standard systems. The United States is conducting research on technical standards and test methods for lighting LEDs based on the characteristics of lighting LEDs. Japan has focused its research on testing methods and technical standards for white LEDs for lighting. Many international companies engaged in LED development, such as Lumileds, Philips, Osram, etc., are actively participating in national and international standardization work, and have developed their own corporate standards, regulating the photoelectric parameters of lighting LEDs, such as voltage, current, luminous flux, Color coordinates, color temperature, color rendering, life and other indicators.
3. 1 Overview of LED standards for major foreign organizations 3. 1. 1 LED standards for IEC and CIE
Both IEC and CIE are very concerned about the development of LEDs and the standardization of related LED devices. The IEC has developed a series of lighting LED standards to regulate its electrical and safety. At the same time, due to the rapid development of LED product technology, CIE has revised the LED test method standard. As of June 2011, there are 20 major IEC and CIE international standards for lighting LEDs, covering the special requirements of LED module connectors, general lighting LEDs and LED module terminology and definitions. However, these standards are mainly for the characteristics and test methods of electrical performance, safety performance and luminous flux of lighting LEDs. They do not include the lumen maintenance rate and feasible LED life evaluation methods. In addition, professional LEDs for specific applications have not yet been developed. Lighting product performance standards.
3. 1. 2 US LED standards
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the North American Lighting Society (IESNA) use the CIE technical documentation as a reference to publish performance and measurement standards for solid-state lighting LEDs under the US Department of Energy (DOE), including IESNA RP-16. IESNA TM-16-05, IESNA LM-79, IESNA LM-80 and ANSI C78. 377A, etc.
Among them, ANSI C78. 377A is the white LED chromaticity specification at different correlated color temperatures, IESNA LM-79 is the electrical and luminosity measurement method for solid-state lighting products, and IESNA LM-80 is the optical attenuation characteristic (life) test method for LED light sources. . In addition, the US Department of Energy and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have issued ENERGY STAR performance specifications for LED lighting products.
3. 1. 3 Japanese LED standards
Japan Electron Ball Industry Association (JEL), Japan Lighting Industry Association (JLA), Japan Lighting Association (JIES), Japan Lighting Commission (JCIE) and Japan Industrial Standards Survey (JISC) are major standards development and research institutions in Japan. JISC Reference CIE 127 has established the industry standard for JISC8152 "General Rules for White LED Measurement Methods for Lighting".
Japan's standards for lighting LED modules and their control devices and self-ballasted LED lamps are under development, mainly with reference to IEC standards.
3. 2 China's LED lighting standardization status
As an important measure for energy conservation and emission reduction, in recent years, China has attached great importance to LED standardization work from country to country. On the one hand, the standardization and revision work at all levels has progressed rapidly, and the lack of standards in the past has been greatly improved. On the other hand, with the continuous introduction of standards, the issue of comprehensive standardization and the applicability of standards is becoming the future LED standardization research. Important content.
3. 2. 1 Development of the standards of the National Standards Committee
By the end of 2010, the National Standards Committee had issued 23 national standards related to LED lighting, including 1 general standard, 10 safety standards, and 12 performance standards, as shown in Table 1.
As seen in Table 1, there are 11 LED related standards for LED modules, LED control devices, LED connectors, LED lamp performance or test methods released between October 2009 and 2010. Among them, GB 19510. 14 - 2009 and GB 24819 - 2009 are equivalent to the IEC standard, GB / T 24825 - 2009 is modified to adopt the IEC standard, and the remaining 8 items are all independently developed by China.
Safety Standards The GB 7000 series is suitable for luminaires that use electric light sources and therefore includes LED luminaires. According to statistics, GB 7000 series standards are applicable to LED lamps except GB 7000. 217 - 2008 and GB 7000. 18 - 2003.
3. 2. 2 Relevant industry and local standards development
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has released nine semiconductor lighting electronics industry standards such as SJ /T 11395 - 2009 "Semiconductor Lighting Terminology". National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering R&D and Industry Alliance also released relevant technical specifications for 7 LED lighting products such as LB / T001 - 2009 "Test Method for Integrated LED Street Lights". The Ministry of Construction has issued standards for urban road lighting, traffic signal lights, and related standards and technical specifications for LED street lights and signal lights for railways and highways.
In addition, some provinces and cities in China have carried out a large number of standard formulation and research work according to the local development needs of the LED industry. For example, Fujian Province is currently carrying out a number of requirements including LED indoor lighting products, tubular LED lamps for lighting, LED downlights for lighting, LED road lighting power LEDs, LED road lighting fixtures, energy efficiency limits and energy efficiency ratings. Local standard setting work.
4, LED lighting industry standardization development countermeasures
Generally speaking, China's LED-related standardization organizations have formulated national standards, various industry standards, and local standards, reflecting the situation of giving full attention to standardization. However, some of the standards and norms are duplicated and contradictory. In particular, some applications are affected by traditional industries, the shackles of standard technology, and the technical blind spots that cause unscientific standards. To this end, make the following recommendations:
(1) Accelerate the revision of LED series standards
Although the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the National Standardization Administration have issued 11 LED national standards since 2008, China currently only has 45 LED lighting standards, and the main standards for safety and photoelectric parameter testing are Lord, the standards for energy efficiency requirements have not yet been promulgated, and the overall development of standards is lagging behind.
(2) Strengthen management of LED standardization work
Due to the large number of LED-related standardization organizations in China and the different levels of standards involved in each organization, the management of LED standardization should be strengthened at the national level, the LED standard system and standard-setting plan should be carefully planned, and the scope of work of each relevant standardization organization should be clarified. Coordination, timely revision and revision of LED standards, effectively avoiding contradictions and duplication in standard setting.
(3) Strengthening LED standardization research work
As mentioned above, China is in the early stage of LED industry development. LED standardization work should draw on international experience, strengthen scientific research, and improve the scientific nature of LED standardization. It is necessary to set up a special research institution to enhance the research strength of LED standardization, and relevant departments should also strengthen research on the pre-research of LED standards and the effective mechanism of standardization work.
(4) Increase capital investment in LED standardization work
Standardization funding is a necessary guarantee for the effective implementation of LED standardization work. For example, the pre-establishment, research, drafting, verification, validation and other aspects of the standard formulation, as well as the post-development publicity and implementation, implementation of promotion, demonstration and other work, require a certain amount of capital investment for protection. In order to ensure the effective implementation and in-depth development of standardization work, efforts should be made to increase the funding for LED standardization work and broaden the sources of funding. Relevant government departments must increase their investment in standardization work.
references
[1] Liu Yaobin, Hu Guanmin. Development Status, Trends and Strategic Choice of LED Industry in China[J]. Science and Technology Progress and Policy,2010,27(12): 77 - 81.
[2] Huang Ke, Liu Qing. National semiconductor lighting research plan and China's countermeasures [J]. China Science and Technology Forum, 2008 (6): 136 - 139.
[3] Li Chuntian. Introduction to Standardization [M]. Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 2005.
[4] Wang Na, Zhang Jie. On the promotion of standardization to improve China's economic quality and structure [J]. Contemporary Economy, 2009 (12): 92 - 94.
[5] Jiang Wei. Brief introduction of lighting LED technology standards [J]. China Lighting Appliances, 2007 ( 2 ) : 23- 25.
[6] Qu Suhui. Overview of domestic and international lighting LED product standards [C] / / Proceedings of the 5th National Conference on Electric Light Source Technology. Beijing: China Lighting Society, 2009: 191 - 200.
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