Design of Antenna Crosstalk Simulation System Based on Aircraft
Aeronautical communication systems are becoming increasingly complex, requiring the installation of multiple antennas on a single aircraft. This can lead to crosstalk or co-location interference, which may disrupt the aircraft's operations. In this tutorial model, we used COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.1 to simulate interference between two identical antennas mounted on an aircraft fuselage—one for transmission and the other for reception—to analyze the effects of crosstalk and optimize antenna placement.
In the aviation industry, antennas are essential for ensuring safe and reliable communication. Pilots rely on them to maintain accurate positioning, especially in low-visibility conditions such as at night or during bad weather. As a result, these antennas must be highly reliable to ensure flight safety.
The simulation involves a streamlined aircraft model with a metal fuselage and two antennas: one placed on the top and the other on the bottom. The metal surface is modeled as a perfect electrical conductor (PEC), while the surrounding airspace is enclosed by a perfectly matched layer (PML) to mimic infinite free space. This ensures that no reflections occur at the boundaries of the domain.
Each antenna consists of a metal strip embedded in a dielectric block. They use a miniaturized bend line design to reduce input impedance below the standard 50 Ohms. A folded monopole antenna is employed on a large ground plane to match the low impedance effectively.
To calculate the S-parameters, a lumped port was set up in the gap between the bend line and the fuselage. This helps assess the matching impedance and interference levels between the antennas in different configurations.
The simulation highlights the illuminated and shaded areas on the fuselage. The shaded areas—such as the wing and landing gear doors—block the energy from the transmitting antenna, while the illuminated areas are unobstructed. Therefore, the receiving antenna is best placed in the shaded area to minimize interference.
Three different test locations were analyzed at the bottom of the fuselage. The electric field strength of the transmitting antenna and its impact on the receiving antenna were examined. The results show that the tail section provides the most favorable location due to the largest shaded area.
By simulating antenna crosstalk using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1 and RF modules, engineers can optimize antenna placement, improving communication efficiency and enhancing flight safety. This approach allows for better design decisions, ensuring a more secure and reliable journey for passengers and crew alike.
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