Light pollution problems in the transformation and upgrading of LED lighting

Abstract: LED is a new generation of high-efficiency energy-saving light source. The transformation and upgrading of traditional electric light source enterprises to LED lighting is the trend of the times. Relying on scientific and technological progress to improve product performance and expand the application of energy-saving products, there are huge economic and social benefits. Government and industry management departments should strengthen guidance and supervision. The whole society should pay attention to the popularization of science and prevent light pollution caused by inferior LEDs.

Keywords: LED product lighting design energy-saving transformation light pollution science popularization

introduction

LED is called the fourth generation of illumination source. It has the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, long life and small size. It can be widely used in various fields such as indication, display, decoration, backlight, general illumination and urban night lighting engineering.

On the afternoon of October 7, 2014, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that the Japanese Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Japanese scientists Akasaka Akano and the Japanese-American scientist Nakamura Shuji of the University of California, Santa Barbara in recognition of them. The contribution to the invention of a new high-efficiency energy-saving light source, namely blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs), opens up new possibilities for energy savings. All of this has strengthened people's expectations that the 21st century will be illuminated by LED lights. Under the new normal of China's economic shift operation and structural adjustment, the export growth of the lighting industry in 2014 still exceeds 20%, which is undoubtedly a beautiful landscape in China's economic vitality. Various social capitals have joined LED strategic investment. In the face of new opportunities and challenges, the traditional electric light source enterprises attributable to the light industry are the only choice for survival and development. This article makes a rational analysis of the problems behind the popularity of LED lighting products, and hopes to receive the attention of the government industry management departments and the whole society.

1. The advantages of LED lighting products and their successful application

LED has long life and low energy consumption. Compared with traditional electric light source products, LED lighting products have the following characteristics: First, the application is very flexible, and can be made into light, short and short products of various forms such as points, lines and surfaces; It is better for environmental protection. Because there is no ultraviolet or infrared light in the spectrum, there is neither heat nor radiation. It is a typical green lighting source, and the waste can be recycled without pollution. Third, the control is very convenient. Just adjust the current. Free dimming, the combination of different light colors is varied, and the timing control circuit can achieve a variety of dynamic changes.

1.1LED shows its talents in urban landscape lighting

LED as the night lighting of the city's key buildings, can be used to outline the contours, can simulate any color, the loss of luminous flux and maintenance costs are greatly reduced. Due to its small size, LEDs are suitable for making line lamps, LEDs are used as ground lights, indicating directions, trails and lanes, safe and reliable, and durable. In the past, in the night sky of urban lighting, because neon lights are easily damaged, we often see that the pictures and texts displayed by them always lack arms and legs. The use of LED instead of neon as a display mark, computer programming software can be used to achieve almost any desired color change effect. Therefore, in the famous buildings, city signs, cultural activities, etc. around the world, LED has played an active role in urban landscape lighting. For example: the landscape lighting of Nanjing Qingao Village, the night view of the Yangtze River waterfront scenery, and the light show at the opening (closing). Through the broadcast of TV footage, the new image of "Nature Nanjing, Vital Olympics" was delivered to people all over the world. The Nanjing city under beautiful lighting is unforgettable.

1.2 LED energy saving effect in indoor parking lot lighting

The lighting of the underground parking lot is because of the long-term continuous lighting. If it is illuminated by ordinary fluorescent lamps, the lighting (electrical appliances) is affected by the high temperature and long-term work, and the attenuation is very fast. Second, when there is no one, the power is wasted. Therefore, in order to solve the lighting of the underground parking lot, it is necessary to have intelligent control. The parking lot uses LED lighting + automatic sensing monitoring system to provide people (cars) to light, and people (cars) to go out of the team. The energy-saving effect can reach more than 80%. Under normal circumstances, the investment can be recovered from the saved electricity bill in the current year. Therefore, it has been well received by the majority of users.

1.3LED stage lighting in commercial theater, TV studio dance and photography

LED light source with RGB integrated technology can create static and dynamic lighting effects through dimming and color grading. From white light to full spectrum of any color, it can create a strong entertainment atmosphere and create mood, showing personalization. The light environment, the advantages of LED light source in local lighting, accent lighting and regional lighting, can create a high-quality light environment unmatched by other traditional lighting electric light sources, which is very suitable for cultural entertainment lighting.

1.4. Special lighting for professional places such as museums and art galleries

Museums, art galleries and other places belong to special occasions with high requirements for lighting environment. The special characteristics of the displayed items require that the illumination source does not contain ultraviolet rays and no heat radiation. LED is a cold light source, and the light does not contain ultraviolet light, which can fully meet the special requirements of lighting in museums and art galleries.

2. Transformation of traditional lighting products to LED lighting products

In recent years, with the continuous advancement of LED manufacturing technology and the development and application of new materials, ultra-high brightness LEDs of various colors have made breakthroughs, and their luminous efficiency has increased by nearly 1000 times, and all of the visible light bands have been realized in terms of chromaticity. Color, the most important of which is the emergence of ultra-high brightness white LEDs, enabling LED applications to leap from the field of electronic display to the market of high-efficiency lighting sources. Enterprises engaged in the manufacture and application of traditional electric light sources must transform into LED lighting.

2.1 Transformation is to make forward-looking predictions on future industry development trends

The lighting industry is talking about transformation from upstream to downstream, indicating that everyone has realized that the only way out for enterprises is to actively transform. However, everyone understands the strategic transformation according to their own assumptions. Naturally, it is the Eight Immortals crossing the sea. In the end, everyone was caught in the misunderstanding of “crossing the river by feeling the stones”. Due to the vague corporate strategy, the idea of ​​transformation and upgrading is not clear and the approach is not correct. It can only fall into the strategic dilemma of "no transformation is waiting for death, transformation is looking for death".

The word transformation is no stranger to business operators, but its exact meaning is very confusing. Many people mistake the business goal as a strategy, regard the pursuit as a strategy, regard the idea as a strategy, and regard the idea as a strategy. Only today has a common misunderstanding. It is precisely because of these misunderstandings that business operators face a complex and rapidly changing market. When "suddenly" plus daily "emergency events" of various sizes, entrepreneurs have to spend a lot of time on "fire fighting", thinking strategy is far away.

2.2 Transformation is directly facing the problem of survival and development

At present, China's economy has changed from high-speed growth to medium-high-speed growth, and the economic structure has been continuously optimized and upgraded, from factor-driven and investment-driven to innovation-driven. Secretary General of China Lighting Society Dou Linping said in Shenzhen in October that "there are about 20,000 Chinese lighting companies, and the lighting market has an output value of about 500 billion. After three years, the survival rate may be only 25%, about 5,000." He pointed out that today's LED lighting companies should First, seek survival and seek development: "LED companies must first seek survival and then seek development. Especially small enterprises should start from the sub-sectors, find their own advantages, and strive for survival in the competition." Large enterprises control the mass products and scale. The effect, multinational company Philips began to spin off the lighting business, redefining the iron triangle strategy "1/3 traditional lighting, 1/3 LED lighting, 1/3 digital lighting and lighting services" is a very good innovation. Small businesses face their niche products and can also get their own from the fields of “product segmentation, division of labor, service segmentation, customer segmentation, channel segmentation”. Small and micro enterprises can reposition themselves, focus on segmentation areas, and find their own “spring”.

LED bulbs, LED straight tube lamps, etc. are typical alternatives to traditional lighting products. If you add other functions, you can start to surpass them on the basis of substitution. The lighting field can be subdivided into smart lighting, interactive lighting, mobile lighting, emergency lighting, and other market segments, which provides unlimited imagination for LED lighting design.

2.3 Japanese lighting companies successfully transform high-end LED market

Three Japanese scientists won the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for "Blue LED", setting an example for technological innovation in the entire lighting industry.

Nichia (Nichia) is a phosphor company that produces fluorescent lamps and displays. It has an annual income of only 2 billion yen (about 20 million US dollars) and a small company of less than 200 people. In 1993, Nichia Chemicals employee Nakamura Shuji invented the blue LED, which made Nichia a world-renowned LED leader. Patent and technology are the two core competitiveness of Nichia Chemical's LED lighting industry. In 2013, Nichia Chemical reached US$3 billion in the global LED market with revenues of US$18 billion, ranking first. In the large-scale national project projects such as the 60th anniversary of the National Day of Beijing in China and the Shanghai World Expo, a large number of LEDs produced by Nichia were used as the basic components of their lamps and large display products, which enabled Nichia to obtain hundreds of millions of high-end LED products in China. USD/year income, with an annual growth rate of over 20%.

In Japan's LED lighting market, Panasonic's market share is 25%, ranking first. In 2013, 80% of the lighting products produced by the company belonged to LED light sources, and have successfully transformed LED lighting from traditional lighting. Panasonic announced its 2014 fiscal year results forecast at the end of April 2014. The revenue of the "Eco Solutions" business unit related to lighting will be 1.67 trillion yuan (about 16.07 billion US dollars) and the operating profit will be 62.5 billion yen. . It is worth noting that Panasonic estimates that the lighting revenue of the fiscal year 2015 will be 345 billion yen, a slight increase of 7.4% compared with the fiscal year 2013, which is still a high growth compared to other industries. The company's future business direction will focus on increasing the revenue target of overseas markets to 25%.

3. Opportunities and challenges in the domestic LED lighting market

With the advancement and maturity of LED technology, the international community is increasingly calling for environmental protection and energy conservation. The Chinese government has also introduced corresponding policies in a timely manner to support lighting enterprises to transform and upgrade to the LED lighting field. 80% of traditional lighting companies have already laid out LEDs. Lighting, investing capital and strength to conduct LED lighting application technology research and market development marketing.

3.1LED enters the field of indoor lighting is a new economic growth point

The results of the China Green Lighting Project Office Energy Conservation Survey show that 12% of China's energy is used in lighting, about 300 billion degrees per year. If LED technology is used to replace all incandescent lamps or partially replace fluorescent lamps, it can save 1/3 of lighting power. This means saving 100 billion kWh, equivalent to the annual power generation of the Three Gorges Project with a total investment of more than 200 billion yuan. For China, where energy supply is increasingly tight, energy-saving lighting undoubtedly has enormous economic and social benefits. Indoor lighting is a very large-scale LED application field. The Taiwan Industrial Technology Research Institute provides data: In 2006, indoor lighting applications accounted for only 3% of the global LED lighting market, and the market size was only 6.5 million US dollars, but the indoor lighting application market in 2008 was about Up to 39 million US dollars, accounting for 10% of the lighting market, which is 5 times higher than that of 2005. With the gradual improvement of commercial lighting applications in display space, indoor lighting applications are growing rapidly. By 2011, the global LED indoor lighting application market will reach 144 million US dollars. The proportion of the global LED lighting market will increase to 30%. Philips lighting, OSRAM lighting and other international lighting giants representing the lighting industry have exhibited LED indoor lighting applications. LED bulbs in Japan, Europe and the United States are in full swing. By May 2011, the market share of LED bulbs in Japan reached 42.3%, which is the first time that LED bulbs have surpassed traditional electric light source products in the Japanese market.

The latest data provided by the China Lighting Industry Association: From January to September 2014, China’s LED lighting products reached US$6 billion, a growth rate of 70%, and there was a blowout market. High-quality enterprise products still occupy the professional market of developed countries in Europe and America. Zhejiang Hengdian Debang, Shanghai Qiang Ling, Zhejiang Sunshine has always taken the quality first route, the era of energy-saving lamps has been completed, and the advantages of transforming LED lighting are obvious.

More gratifying is: the LED automatic production line designed and developed by Southeast University (professional production of indoor LED bulbs and tubes) has been exported to the United States and the European Union respectively. Think about 20 years ago, China introduced high-priced manufacturing technology from Europe and the United States; look now, we The LED production line manufactured by ourselves has defeated the technological monopoly of Siemens and entered the enterprises of developed countries in Europe and America. Made in China from product to equipment, upgrades.

3.2 LED indoor lighting in the domestic market has a chaotic situation

The demand for LED indoor lighting products in the European and American markets has driven the export of China's LED industry. On the other hand, the strict quality requirements of the European and American markets have also promoted the technological advancement of the Chinese LED industry. However, this is only a small part of the market for Chinese LED lighting companies. Most companies face a chaotic situation in the domestic market. The price warfare led by the layman has caused the inferior LED products to flood the market. Consumers’ blind online shopping, regardless of healthy impulsive behavior, is paying a painful price. These should be taken seriously by the government management and the whole society.

The quality of LEDs used for indoor lighting has also been clearly defined in Section 4.4 of the National Standard GB--50034 (Architectural Lighting Design): the average color rendering index Ra>80. The correlated color temperature Tc=3300--5300K. National standards are documents of the nature of policies and regulations. It is very disturbing to look at the implementation in reality: high quality kindergartens around the world, famous primary schools and high schools, and university towns, most of the lighting quality does not meet the requirements of national standards: Kindergartens and elementary schools do not use low-color temperature lighting. The middle school classrooms basically do not use tri-color energy-saving fluorescent lamps. It is not known whether the designer does not understand the design specifications at all. It is not known. xx University City, the original design is up to the national standard, but After a few years of management of the property company, the lighting in the classroom was significantly downgraded. In order to save money, the three primary color energy-saving fluorescent lamps were replaced with cheaper halogen powder fluorescent lamps.

Beijing Tongren Hospital investigated the visual acuity of 15,000 students: the myopia rate of primary school students has exceeded 30%! (Rural primary school students have a low myopia rate of 20% compared with urban primary school students) The high school students' myopia rate has reached 70%! % can not be separated from glasses! Find out the reasons, there are multiple factors. It is undeniable that the lighting environment is not healthy is an important factor. Schools and homes use high color temperature glare lights, play with computers and mobile phones for a long time. LCD backlight Medium LED blue radiation, too strong or too weak writing desk lamps, etc. are sources of light pollution.

The National Quality Inspection (Jiangsu Province) Center, the xx listed company LED products in the market, the data shows that: according to the requirements of national standards, it is not suitable for indoor space where people work and live for a long time, only adapt to the parking lot, aisle Waiting for people to stop for a short time. Actual situation: This product is used by some units for the promotion of so-called energy-saving products because of its low price. It is equivalent to a high GDP growth, and it must withstand PM2.5=300.

In 2014, “Double 11”, Taobao lighting products sales of 454 million yuan, an increase of 38.88%. Online shopping is the current fashion trend. Some young people think that "Taobao is cheap", just on the computer, relying on a picture, compare the price. Making "very smart choices", at least for lighting products - the quality of light, there is basically no way to judge. The spot check tested the popular products of the network sales --- dozens of yuan / 盏 LED eye protection lamp, it is shocking, Ra and Tc two important indicators 100% unqualified. Why are there so many people who are cheap and don’t pay attention to the health effects of light pollution: Is it because of poverty and helplessness? The Chinese people in the past did have these factors. 20 years ago, when the three primary color energy-saving lamps were promoted and applied, according to national standards. For enterprises that produce high-quality energy-saving lamps, because the relative price is higher (using the phosphors equivalent to color TVs), the products cannot be sold in China, and they are basically export OEMs. Some small factories use halogen powder (equivalent to the fluorescent powder of black and white TV sets) to produce energy-saving lamps. Because the price is cheap to occupy a large number of domestic markets, the result is that the people have learned that energy-saving lamps are not cost-effective. After the stage of spending money to buy lessons, the application of energy-saving lamps was really promoted.

3.3 The harm and prevention of LED lighting light pollution

Light pollution refers to a variety of light that affects the natural environment, adversely affects normal human life, work, rest and entertainment, damages people's ability to observe objects, causes uncomfortable feelings and damages human health, including glare, spill light, radiation. Light and flicker effects, etc.

Light pollution has a major impact on human health. Under the effect of uncomfortable glare, the vision is fatigued and the vision is reduced. At night, under the exposure of the overflowing light, affecting sleep, the brain nerves do not get a normal rest, causing dizziness, insomnia, depression and other neurasthenia. If it is affected by light pollution for a long time, it will destroy the secretion of melatonin, increase the amount of estrogen, and increase the risk of breast cancer.

Long-term in the environment of colored light, interfere with the central nervous system of the brain, causing nausea and vomiting, elevated blood pressure, ups and downs, impatience, damage to human physiological functions, affecting mental health.

Light pollution can also pose a safety hazard. Due to the improper lighting of artificial lighting, different degrees of glare are generated, which hinders the normal activities of people. Excessive light source brightness values ​​or brightness contrasts between the light source and the environment will reduce the eye's ability to adapt. Longer adaptation times are required from bright to dark environments, and the surrounding objects are not visible at this time. The visual acuity of pedestrians and drivers is damaged, which is likely to cause traffic accidents and poses a safety hazard.

Light pollution has destroyed the ecological environment. At night, under the long-term illumination of the light, it will affect the growth of plants. Some plants will only bloom and will not produce results; some trees will fall and peel; under the action of red light, the plants will become small. The night illumination of the city extends the daytime and destroys the activity of birds and insects. Light pollution makes them become mentally atrophied, loss of appetite, affecting normal reproduction, and even disappearing. In order to "bring birds into the city", the lighting of trees, parks and mountains should be strictly controlled.

4. Suggestions

4.1 Night lighting needs unified planning and management to create a sense of lighting design.

Night lighting is an integral part of the overall urban development plan. Each single design should meet the city's overall planning requirements, and organize a special person to review the single program. In the implementation process, the brightness control, lighting color and effect, energy-saving technology and coordination with the surrounding environment should be evaluated. Qualification audit of lighting design units and designers, and the integration of technology and art should be emphasized in the lighting design process. Each project should have its own creative design. Do not use the same lighting methods and lamps for each single landscape. With the rapid development of electronic technology, various intelligent systems for control and dimming for LED lighting have been widely used. The China Lighting Society is in line with the international community, vigorously promote the national registered lighting designer system, give full play to the role of professional education, require energy-saving, comfortable and healthy lighting products in lighting design, modern high-tech and computer lighting control, solar energy The lighting device and the like are fully applied.

4.2 LED for indoor lighting to implement national standards

The national standard is a document of the nature of policies and regulations issued by a country and is the basis for governing the country according to law. Government management departments should strengthen market supervision. In the process of market testing, if product quality cannot meet the standards, it must be resolutely dealt with. Through media exposure, it is more important to remind consumers that health is cheaper. The rise of e-commerce channels has provided a new platform for the sales of LED lighting products, but it also provides opportunities for poor manufacturers who use low-quality and low-priced as a selling point. These lighting products without quality assurance and serious light pollution have formed a huge impact on the LED lighting manufacturers that sell the quality and brand. The decorative designers who have not passed the professional education of lighting do not know how to implement the standard specifications of lighting design, but they have undertaken Lots of upholstery (lighting). Teenagers use the wrong lights and hurt their eyes. It is not only a personal loss, but also a national tragedy. China now has 400 million people wearing glasses. Imagine that a country wearing glasses is not the "Chinese Dream" advocated by President Xi Jinping.

4.3 Carry out scientific popularization work and improve the quality of the whole people

As a bridge between the government and enterprises, industry associations have the responsibility and obligation to actively carry out scientific popularization work. The United Nations General Assembly has announced 2015 as the International Light Year, hoping to commemorate the major discoveries of mankind in the field of light over the millennium, emphasizing the importance of promoting light technologies for sustainable development and solving global problems such as energy, education, agriculture and health. Light energy provides practical and profitable solutions to a wide range of problems and challenges in a wide range of fields. For example, innovation in lighting can reduce light pollution while reducing energy consumption and environmental impact, allowing everyone to enjoy the universe in the dark sky. nice.

The International Light Year 2015 is an excellent opportunity for everyone to understand the various advances in the light field. There are many inventions in modern human life, from vision correction glasses, X-ray examination of bone conditions, to high-definition television, DVD, mobile phones and the Internet, as well as satellite observations of the Earth's environment. While people enjoy these inventions, they may not realize that they are all related to the application of light and optics, and this field has a very broad development prospect. Even scientists can hardly predict how the photovoltaic technology will bring humans into the future. . It is precisely because of the importance of light. Therefore, people need to understand the light, use the light, and not be hurt by the light.

references:

1. The impact of LED lighting color on health Pan Youbin Zhu Yuhua "China Lighting Appliances" 2015,1

2. LED lighting and its medical effects preliminary discussion Zhu Yuhua Pan Youbin Shen Jimei "Jiangsu Province Lighting Society Annual Meeting Report" 2014

3. China LED Lighting Enterprise Status Dou Linping, China Lighting Society Report 2014

4. China's lighting industry export report Chen Yansheng China's lighting industry export report

5. LED Lighting Market Analysis Report "Taiwan Industrial Technology Research Institute Report" 2011

6. Influence of illumination color on children's vision and emotions Zhu Yuhua Pan Youbin Yan Zhenzhi "China Yangtze River Delta Lighting Technology Forum" 2005

7. Standardization and Scientificization of Night Scene Lighting Zhu Yuhua Pan Youbin, “The 20th Anniversary Report of Nanjing Lighting Society” 2004

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