Analysis of the research on urban night illumination system planning

1 city lighting development stage

Urban night landscape lighting is an art that shows the development of the city and reflects the personality of the city. With the advancement of science and technology, the development of society and the improvement of people's quality of life, the city's night life is becoming more and more abundant, people's activities outside the home are gradually increasing, and higher quality requirements are imposed on the urban night environment. Urban night landscape lighting plays an active role in improving the lives of citizens, embellishing landscaping, improving the visibility of the city, optimizing the living environment and travel environment of the citizens, improving the investment environment, and promoting the development of tourism, transportation and other industries.

In recent decades, China's urban night lighting has experienced the development process from “light up” to “beautiful”, that is, the development process from “dark” to “bright” to “culture and taste”. However, during this period, we implemented too many bad urban lighting projects, such as the city's nighttime structure is not clear, the overall brightness is too high, the focus is not prominent, and the phenomenon of light pollution is serious. We must eradicate the city's glory, which is one of the main tasks of lighting designers. In the 21st century, we will step into a splendid and prosperous century of light. Urban lighting is no longer just a category of technology, but also a category of art.

2 shaping urban light culture

The definition of "light culture" is defined as the use of existing lighting technologies and means to create a social existence that is more satisfying to meet the needs of human spiritual civilization and promote the development of human society. Light culture has obvious national and regional characteristics. The light cultures of different countries, nations and cities have their own geographical and historical characteristics.

2.1 Creating an environment

The environment is experienced by people. People are not only passively accepting the surrounding environment, but accepting an active factor in the process. In a diversified environment, lighting, such as architecture, sculpture, greening, and neon signs, which are used for advertising signs, often become the main elements of the night scene. These diverse landscape elements convey the characteristics of the environment, making it easy for people to identify the area. The nature. Compared with pure functional lighting, the meaning of this kind of lighting is not only to improve the visibility of the user, but to become a means of creating a certain scene.

People's understanding of the environment is usually an understanding of the story in the environment. Residents living in a specific environment often do not understand these intangible factors, or feel nothing but can't say anything. In the existing environment, there is an invisible structure and connection. Lighting is not important, lighting is not important, only the places and spaces that are remodeled by lighting are the most important. Sometimes the best result is to make people feel resonate and enjoy the night when they walk in this familiar place.

It doesn't matter whether people realize that it is caused by space, space or lighting, such as the lighting design of Vosari. Vosari is a large island in the eastern part of Helsinki and played an important role in protecting Helsinki from Soviet bomb attacks during World War II. The shape of the island of Vossari is very similar to the shape of the Helsinki region. At night, people set a lot of huge bonfires on the island of Vosari. When the Soviet bombs began to attack, they ignited these bonfires. Helsinki was dark and most of the bombs. This was the case on Wossari Island.

The designer designed five flame devices, using a large stainless steel metal plate as a reflector, using a mixture of tar, oil and gasoline as fuel, and burning with tar burning sound. The designer's historical environment of reshaping by lighting has resonated and achieved good results (see 1).

2.2 The unity of night scene elements and lighting intentions

The urban landscape elements can be divided into urban roads, urban squares, buildings and their surrounding environment, bridges, urban water bodies, garden green spaces, outdoor advertising and various types of signs. These elements are interdependent and should be considered as a whole. The night scene elements of the city can also be summarized as the above, but not every element is the performance object of night illumination. It should be selected according to the lighting intention. Some elements need to be highlighted, and some elements need to be weakened. The urban road lighting constitutes the grid-like urban texture, which is the foundation of the night scene, forming the background of the night vision intention. The nodes such as the city square and the green space become the “bright spots” interspersed between them. The appearance of the urban water body or the waterfront building often becomes a linear “light belt”. The area becomes a "faceted" night scene element, which constitutes a night scene structure combining points, lines and planes.

2.3 Combination of light and carrier

Light can't exist alone, and it doesn't make sense that light doesn't work with something. Light interacts with the environment, place, surface, and material to gain life. The construction of the light environment is to use the rendering of light to re-artify the carrier and the surrounding environment. Therefore, it must not be separated from the carrier, the environment, the intentions created by the creation, the artistic conception and the artistic style, but only in deep understanding and understanding. On the basis of the promotion, highlighting and improvement.

2.4 People-oriented

Night lighting is designed for people to experience and feel. It is people-oriented, measuring, evaluating and creating a light environment with the daily work, life, leisure and entertainment needs of ordinary citizens. It requires forward-looking and strategic, not in front of the eyes. Invest in their short-term behavior. A platform should be established where city decision makers, lighting designers, and ordinary citizens can exchange ideas and ideas. In this way, we can get closer to the lives of the people and make the night landscape lighting better serve the general public.

2.5 green lighting

Green lighting refers to the use of scientific lighting design, the use of high efficiency, long life, safety and stable performance of lighting electrical products (electric light source, lighting electrical accessories, lamps, wiring equipment, as well as dimming controllers and light control devices) To create an efficient, comfortable, safe, economical and beneficial environment that fully reflects the lighting of modern civilization.

The green lighting of the city night scene should start with the lighting design scheme, choose a reasonable lighting method, light color and light source, try to avoid glare and eliminate light pollution. In the current night illumination, floodlights account for a large proportion. Floodlight is easy to bring glare, visual interference, light pollution and other adverse effects. The number of floodlights should be reduced in the design without affecting the lighting effect. The second is to pay attention to the energy-saving problems in the management of night lighting. It is necessary to regularly repair and adjust the lamps, so that the lamps are in a good working condition, and the switch lights should be unified as much as possible according to actual needs, and the central control can be realized in a planned manner. The purpose of energy management.

3 cities night landscape lighting existing problems

3.1 blind comparison, lack of features

Without darkness, there is no light, and light lives on a dark basis.

However, China's urban lighting has entered a misunderstanding, thinking that the brighter the city or building lighting, the better. Now, this situation is getting worse. In the night landscape planning, the pursuit and comparison of high brightness between cities, so as to achieve the so-called "lighting" and "light" project, resulting in overall brightness is too high, resulting in light pollution. What place should be bright, how bright, how long it should be bright, how much light source supply may be, how strong the consumption is, and must be designed according to the characteristics of its own city.

There is a match between light and darkness, and sometimes darkness is also a cultural taste. What is going to be done now is not how to light up the city, but to reshape the darkness of the city. Figure 2 shows the night scene lighting in Las Vegas. The brightness is appropriate and the lighting style is in line with the positioning of the city. Figure 3 shows the night lighting in Chongqing. The overall brightness is too high and lacks distinctive features.

In the night landscape lighting of the city, according to the understanding of the geography, history and humanities of different cities, the city lights with different characteristics and individuality will be built. It cannot be separated from the characteristics of the city, and there must be no uniform standard. For the successful night lighting mode at home and abroad, you should learn the essence of them, and you can't copy them.

3.2 lack of planning, the overall feeling is poor

The urban night lighting project has not yet been incorporated into the overall urban planning, lacking unified planning, unified construction and unified management. Night lighting units are self-issued, each of them, in the brightness, chroma, or only a few lanterns, so that the bright does not shine, not bright, but the night landscape of the entire city is scattered, Without the primary and secondary features, the overall lighting effect is poor. Therefore, the city's night lighting alone is important, but the overall planning of the city's night lighting is the key to ensuring the overall effect of urban night lighting.

3.3 lack of sense of scale

The treatment of hard landscapes in night lighting is often more than macro and insufficient. Because only the macroscopic effect is paid attention to, and the treatment of the details is neglected, some small-scale facilities set up for pedestrians during the day become roadblocks at night, which hinders the normal passage of pedestrians and sometimes even poses danger. It is necessary to understand that night lighting is to serve people. It is people-oriented. It is necessary to put people's functions in the first place. On this basis, art reprocessing can't be reversed.

3.4 heavy light source, light fixture

Night scene lighting pays great attention to the brightness and light color of the light source. Nowadays, energy-saving light sources are still strongly advocated, but the emphasis on the lamps is not enough. The various lamps in the city should be the link between the daytime and the night landscape. The space can be decorated during the day, and the "third eye" of the people at night can fully exert its guiding and guiding role. The reality is that the shape of the lamps is rough and ugly. Many lamps have safety hazards, and they are not considered in scale. Sometimes the proportion of lamps and surrounding buildings is out of balance, which destroys the overall harmony of the environment.

Most of the lamps used today are provided by luminaire manufacturers. Few designers design suitable luminaires according to the characteristics of the city, and the understanding of luminaire design is not deep enough. The design of the luminaire is not based on the design of a very beautiful object, but the understanding of the environment, the atmosphere of the space, the contrast of light and dark, and the design of the luminaire.

Ming and dark are a pair of contradictions. Changing one aspect is tantamount to changing the other side. You should start with the darkness, imagine the form of light, and then come back to consider the form of darkness. All of this is clear, the form of the luminaire is clear, and then the parts are combined in the overall formal language.

At present, there are no professional lighting designers in China. Lighting construction is often only the construction of some lighting companies and construction teams. These people lack professional technical training. Such construction is not scientific, but also brings future management and maintenance. A lot of trouble.

Insufficient management and maintenance

From the situation of forming a night landscape, the focus is on the horse and the light is re-lighted, but the corresponding management and maintenance are lacking, resulting in a great compromise in the overall effect of the lighting effect in a short period of time after completion. The difficulty in completing the maintenance task is mainly because the source of management expenses is not stable enough, which makes reasonable cost input, timely replacement of damaged lamps, good function and landscape lighting environment cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, in the process of urban night lighting construction management, relevant rules and regulations should be formulated. The use of modern control technology for scientific management, scientific management and legalization, not only can guarantee the light rate and the integrity of the facilities, but also solve the problem of financial difficulties to achieve the best results.

4 Conclusion

China's urban lighting design should be based on excavating its own environment, history, and humanities to create a city night image and environment with distinctive regional characteristics and various poses. The unity of ecology and humanity, the unity of history and modernity, and the unity of science and art are in line with the trend of historical development, and also the direction that urban night lighting should pursue.

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