Drinking water reminder cup and water shortage detection system based on STM32
With the rapid development of intelligent hardware, a variety of smart water cups have emerged on the market. However, most of these devices remind users to drink water based on a fixed volume, which fails to account for individual differences. The ideal approach to healthy hydration is to tailor water intake according to the body's specific needs.
To address this issue, a smart water cup was designed that takes into account the user’s salt loss through body monitoring. By analyzing the user’s basic information and then adjusting the recommended water intake based on real-time salt loss detection, the device provides personalized reminders for optimal hydration. This system primarily uses STM32 microcontrollers, pressure sensors, and capacitive sensors as its core components. Software programming enables data recording, visualization of drinking patterns, habit evaluation, and quantitative reminders to help users develop healthier drinking behaviors.
**1. System Overview**
The system comprises two main parts: the smart water cup (referred to as the cup end) and the human body salt detection unit (referred to as the detection end). A block diagram of the smart water cup system is shown in Figure 1. The main control chip of the cup end is the STM32F103C8T6, operating at a voltage range of 2.0V to 3.6V. It features multiple power-saving modes to ensure low energy consumption. The detection end uses the STM32F103ZET6, which has a powerful configuration, including an external bus (FSMC) that allows expansion of SRAM and connection to an LCD display.
The drinking monitoring system is built using a pressure sensor and a capacitive sensor. A human body capacitance recognition sensor located on the edge of the cup detects the drinking state, while the pressure sensor measures the weight of the water. The HX711 chip converts the analog signal to digital. An OLED display offers an interactive interface and supports low-power design. Additionally, a wireless charging module makes it easier and safer to charge the cup.
Figure 1: Smart Water Cup System Block Diagram
The detection end includes a TDS sensor, an RFID identification module, and a WiFi module. The TDS sensor can measure up to 2000 PPM, making it suitable for detecting urine salt levels. Unlike traditional contact-based technologies like magnetic cards or IC chips, the RFID tag can be recognized without physical contact between the tag and reader, enabling multi-target and moving target recognition. This makes it more versatile and applicable in a broader range of scenarios.
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