Practice and Ideas of Lighting Application in TV Art Creative Conception

Abstract: Lighting art has a special important position and role in TV art; it creates a wonderful stage picture or TV picture with less and fine lighting equipment. This is what lighting engineers need to think about.

【Key words】 Stage art TV art TV lighting

Quote: Today, the development of the TV industry has brought spring to the development of TV art; large-scale, large-production stage plays, TV dramas, and TV evenings abound, but the current abuse of lighting equipment is quite a luxury phenomenon. Often, the purpose is not clear and not simplified. Many times, there are starry lighting equipment, but failed to create the best stage image. “The artist creates a 'meaningful form' that can only be extracted from a large number of unintentional things if it is simplified.” Stealing believes that in the performance of lighting art, it is necessary to "respect the ink as gold" and need to "simplify". Using a small and sophisticated lighting equipment to create a wonderful stage or TV screen, this is what the lighting engineer needs to think about. The primary task of TV lighting is artistic creation, not technical performance or demonstration, otherwise the cost is reversed. Lighting technology can never replace the art of lighting, but the art of lighting is inseparable from lighting technology. Mr. Hu Miaosheng said: "Light is the fourth dimension of the stage." When the "time" of light is taken as a "dimensional", the audience will appreciate the "four-dimensional art". Lighting art has a special important position and role in TV art; how to play the role of light has become an important topic in TV art.

First, the role and task of TV art creative ideas

1. TV art originated from stage art

"Stage Art" is an art form derived from theatrical performances. It refers to the visual image of the characters and performance spaces in the performance art of actors. The stage art is based on the stage border of the stage, which mainly faces the visual effect of the audience. Stage art is for theatrical performances. In the early human performances, whether it is the street stage surrounded by the audience or the stage of the frame in the theater, whether it is props or makeup, it is the earliest prototype of stage art. The decorative changes of theatrical performances. Most of the TV art workers are currently engaged in stage art work. TV art is the extension and development of stage art. Compared with stage art, TV art has a young and energetic TV art; the scope of creation is wider than that of stage art; the unique "one-off" decision of TV art is more than that of stage art; the effect of multiple perspectives is diverse. Features such as the form of the program.

2, creative ideas are the vitality of TV art

"Creativity" is a foreign term, which comes from the famous creative master Weber Young's "Methods of Creating Creativity". In the advertising industry, public relations, and marketing, “creative” has become their mantra, and “creative” has been praised as the magical position of “open sesame”. In TV art, the meaning of creativity can affect all collaborators, the "creative" of the screenwriter, the "creative" of the director, the "creative" of the artist, the "creative" of the lighting engineer, the "creative" of the sound engineer, etc. The sum of these "creatives" has created the emergence of television art. In these "creative" concepts, a static concept and a dynamic concept are included. Static "creative" refers to clever ideas, which are often called "good ideas" and "good ideas." Dynamic "creative" refers to the creative thinking activities, that is, the "good idea" and "good ideas" are generated from nothing.

"Intention to the pen, after the pen is in the heart, all must use the brushwork. There is a difficult word, pre-arranged in the heart, and then write down, naturally accommodated in the shackles, the meaning is sturdy, can not be temporarily impossible, even if the pen is completed, then It is not a solution to the problem." Although the above is about calligraphy, it is also a famous saying for TV art creation. Television art is a comprehensive creation in a collective way, especially requiring the integrity and integrity of artistic ideas.

3. The main functions and tasks of TV art

TV art has the nature of time art and space art. It is a four-dimensional interlaced art with strong technical and dependence on material conditions. It is created twice in artistic creation and has the subordinate (actor performance) nature. It has many functions in the performance:

1. Shape the characters through character modeling and scene modeling.

2. Create and organize dramatic action spaces.

3. The environment and location where the action takes place.

4. Create the atmosphere and atmosphere needed for the plot.

5. Meet multi-angle shooting requirements and diverse program formats.

6. Through the creation of the image, the actor is allowed to reveal the inner world of the character and the ideological content of the program.

Second, TV art and TV lighting

1. TV lighting is the blood of TV art.

Light is the object that all art touches, studies, explores and expresses to varying degrees. For TV art, light directly participates in the literary conception, picture conception, light design of the TV program's initial stage, and the whole process of artistic creation such as image modeling, environmental reproduction and atmosphere in the main creation stage. Light has also become the medium, condition and important tool for TV art to survive and develop.

In the course of recording any TV program, the background of the beauty design and lighting is a very important part. The beauty of the dance can not only highlight the host, but also express the theme of the program. The effect of the whole dance is inseparable from the use of lighting. The overall concept, creativity, structure, layout, production process and color of the beauty design are directly related to the grade, taste and style of the program. And "light" is a means of giving life to the skeleton and giving it to the soul. The beauty of the dance and the light depend on each other and complement each other. Rembrandt's oil paintings show the mysterious movement of the human heart in the light and darkness of the light. Wright's architecture is built with light... In nature, because of the light, the human vision produces beauty, and the light is the creator. The gift of humanity, light is the perfect channel for our inner resonance to resonate with our environment. As an important means of TV art, lighting has rendered TV art as an object, making it possible for TV art to be better reflected. When lighting the layout of the produced program, the lighting can follow the requirements of the plot and the creative intention, relying on the lighting equipment to reproduce the scene, character scribing, atmosphere rendering, space display and so on.

At that time, the performance of "Black Horse" made the audience amazed by the unique charm of the lighting language. The actors' behaviors can only explain the plot in the specific stage atmosphere at that time. The pieces of the grandmother's death in the drama, the lighting makes the original simple and straight script plot suddenly. With a sense of religion that is so ridiculous, the simple stage behavior has the thickness of emotion because of the involvement of specific light... the audience is impressed. The performance of the lighting in the performance of the Huai Opera "Golden Dragon and Dragonfly" can be said to shock the dramatists at one time.

Since the lighting is in design, it should not be a simple addition, but should be active participation, in the participation to find the release point in the plot (and also emotion), because - the light can speak, the light has its own unique lighting Language. Examples like this are inextricable, such as: Zhou Zhengping's works "Life and Death", "White Rabbit", "Dazhi Water", Sun Tianwei's "Yunnan Impression", Sha Xiaotong's "Wild Zebra", etc., different Lighting design has its own unique lighting language in different TV productions.

2, the characteristics of TV lighting

The basic task of TV lighting is to meet the illuminance requirements of the camera. The TV lighting source requires high color rendering to ensure the color reproduction of people and scenes.

TV lighting art is not simply to supply the camera with light, to meet the illumination requirements of the production technology, to reflect the image shape within the perspective of the lens, not to simply copy nature and life, but to use light to participate in the creation of art, to paint and shape with light. The image in front of the camera, this is the fundamental task of TV lighting.

TV lighting has the following features:

(1) TV lighting has a time limit: complete the design, lighting and so on of the lighting within a certain time limit. According to the time to adjust the requirements and quality of the work, it is necessary to have a "smart and powerful" lighting team with both theory and practice to complete the work with the characteristics of "effective" and to create high quality and perfection. The shaping of the image, the completion of the artistic creation of the light.

(2) TV lighting has plasticity: complete the interpretation of various environments, the display of the atmosphere and the shaping of characters in different scenes. With the development of TV programs and the updating of program content, TV lighting workers are faced with these practical problems and artistic creations, in order to adapt to the characteristics of TV production.

(3) TV lighting is documentary: TV lighting (except evening lighting) pursues natural light effects. The documentary light effect is generally more useful than the light philosophy, providing a real living atmosphere for the actors in the picture, with little or no "theoretical light source" or "hypothetical light source" without the philosophical and basis of light.

(4) TV lighting is embodying: the embodiment of the external form of the plot, theme, plot, and thought. TV art is a comprehensive art that relies on the image language as the main means of expression to reflect the plot and convey the subjective consciousness of scriptwriter, director, camera, art, and lighting. Some characteristics of TV art are often attached to the light to reflect the effective treatment of the light, in order to show a living, faithful image on the TV screen.

3. Comprehensive practice of TV lighting

TV lighting is the art of practice, and performing arts is also the art of practice. The lighting of the TV light is drawn on the surface of the paper. The design of the light stays in the front of the pen is difficult to weather. This is the particularity of the art of lighting. On the current stage, some of the lighting treatments of the show have some obvious loopholes, which are not caused by equipment, equipment, etc., but because of the lack of practical ability of the lighting engineer. Therefore, "practical knowledge" is the most appropriate in the creation of lighting art.

The practical application of TV lighting is comprehensive. A work often reflects the expression of the mood and the rendering of the atmosphere, light and shadow, composition and depth of field, time and environment.

Example 1: The embodiment of the mood and the rendering of the atmosphere are very subtle methods of image processing. The atmosphere can be decorative, natural, or abstract. In order to make people associate or suggest a particular environment. The response of people to the ambient light in real life is deep-rooted, the sparkle of the water on the surface of the water, the tranquility of the evening, and the gloom of the late night forest. These are the result of the close connection between the atmosphere and the light. The sun is hot and transmissive. The darkness may be mysterious and illusory. The reason why the light can lead people to associate is to create this condition and constitute the atmosphere of this association. The lighting also has the tone, appearance and attention. The ability and flexibility of the pace of the event development and the direction of the meaning.

Picture 1 TV art created a beautiful stage, but the picture lacks the rendering of color, the stereoscopic effect of the scene is lacking, and the space level is lacking.

figure 1)

Picture 2, through the rendering of colors, gives a moving atmosphere, reflecting the level of beauty of the scene.

figure 2)

Example 2: Using decorative lighting to highlight the reproduction of light and shadow, the image we display on the screen can illuminate a piece of furniture or a statue with local light, fully displaying its external shape and surface structure. Perhaps in real life, this piece of furniture or statue may be in a dim shadow, no one pays attention. However, it is natural to use this method to deal with the atmosphere in the light. The purpose is to create the artistic appeal of the picture or to form an atmosphere.

"8 o'clock tonight" is a social education brand name column of our Taiwan, divided into 6 small parts, including "face to face", "he wind", "legal system", "true love online", "mulberry love", " Entertainment News, etc. As shown in the following figure (3). Since the scenery is used together, the lighting is difficult. We used the daytime curtain to project 805 blue light with 1250W days and floor lamps. There are several areas of the scene, because the scene design is a whole, we will also be a big scene to the light. Since the distance between the scene and the curtain is not enough, we consider using the 2000W spotlight to reverse the light and bring it to the top of the scene, taking into account the host's backlight. The words "Tonight at 8 o'clock", "Clock", "Pillar", "JXTV" triangle plate, etc. are all warmly processed with 2000W spotlights. Where there is a tree in the middle, we use the curtain light and blue counter-injection to make his image stand out and symbolic. The "row" is used to light the person's light, and the dimming controller is used to control the main, auxiliary, and back-light ratios of the specific program, so that the three-dimensional image is strong. The 2000W spotlight is used as the main light source. The audience's face is projected with a double skylight to make it soft and even.

image 3)

Sometimes for the sake of the picture, an abstract effect is produced, which represents a fantasy or a wonderful scene. The association of light and shadow patterns is used to directly simulate the association, and the effect is stimulating, interesting, touching, and sometimes horrifying. The expression of this kind of environmental atmosphere mainly depends on the long-term keen observation and accumulation of life by the lighting designer, and the simulation of real life according to the light. The richer the life experience, the more you accumulate in peacetime, the more successful the lighting will reproduce the ambient atmosphere. In practice, we also have a simulation of real life to create a warm atmosphere. (As shown in Figure 4)

Figure 4)

Example 3: The light has a visual guiding effect. In any environment, any object, first of all, requires the intervention of light to enter the human vision. The medium between them is light. The situation of the character's environment, the image of the object, and even the size of the space must be illuminated by light. In the shooting work of any venue, the live space of the performance is organized by light. The larger the space of light illumination, the larger the spatial extent of people's visual perception. Even if the space is large, if the light only illuminates a certain area, then the space that does not complete the illumination range is not meaningful in people's vision. Therefore, light has the role of guiding and indicating human vision. Where is the light, where is the human vision, where is the light moving, and where the vision moves. In large-scale performances, the lighting division uses the light to divide the performance space into several small performance areas. Therefore, in the people's vision, there are different irrelevant small performance areas, and there is only a connection between the performance plots. , but there is no environmental connection. A good example of what we often use on stage or in TV evenings is a good example. (as shown in Figure 5)

Figure 5)

Example 4: Multi-camera, multi-angle shooting of TV needs to provide multi-angle space and depth of field in art. The same machine will also have push-pull and shake to produce different scenes and different compositions and depth of field, while producing different perspectives.

"Happy Growth" is a children's puzzle competition program, a total of 30 episodes. The main scene simulates space, the large screen is out of space and the spacecraft. The lighting design is mainly based on the blue tone. Using the existing equipment in the platform, the beams of different color temperatures are generated from the scene space to enhance the sense of space and highlight the center. The metal-colored pillars on both sides are lighted, because the whole color is very blue. If you use blue light to hit the pillars, the screen will look a bit sticky when you try it out. So use the front light to brighten it, and use the ground light before and after the white light side of the PRA light. Constructing a three-dimensional effect, the effect is very good. Because of its strong program continuity, the mobilization range is large, the control of the light zone is quite strict, and the scene and scene conversion are all subject to change. The lighting changes require smoothness, and the scene and scene conversion means space conversion. We use stroboscopic and smoke treatment, and the effect is extraordinary.

In the scene of exploring the treasure in the cave, because it is placed on the right side of the auditorium, there are many scenes, many roads, and small space gap, which brings great inconvenience to the cloth. We try our best to pick the angle and cast the color. In the main color of orange and yellow, deliberately add the ground light, and the flow light is set on the blue light to make the picture not unbalanced, and also adds a sense of perspective.

The whole program is rich in content, large in change, many materials in the set, high in lighting, and the operation needs to be accurate and consistent. We do a lot of Q and strive to maintain the same effect every show. (As shown below)

Figure 6 (stage art design drawing -1)

Figure 7 (舞美设计图-2)

The actual effect of the beauty of the design map-1 (1)

The actual effect of the dance beauty design figure-2

Example 5: The development of the TV industry is inseparable from the development of science and technology. Today, TV art is using a lot of self-illuminating materials and multimedia technology, and its existence has made the design embodiment have greater progress and freedom. (Figure 8)

First of all, in the absence of TV lighting, you can exist on your own, and you can shine yourself.

Secondly, the application of multimedia technology, the scene is switched freely and truthfully; the application of better stage machinery, the stage space constitutes a variety of changes, rich and reasonable, efficient and wonderful; implanted with virtual technology, TV viewers get beautiful, true False and intangible visual enjoyment.

Moreover, 3D technology, the continuous application of holographic technology, TV art will be a new sight.

Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, TV lighting is also undergoing revolution, beam lights, multimedia projection lights, video matrix lights, etc., all popping up, constantly cooperating with the development of TV art, color TV development.

Figure (8)

III. Outlook and vision: Digitalization and networking of TV lighting, especially the rapid development and application of green and environmentally friendly light sources

The radio and television industry has ushered in a new 21st century in a technological revolution represented by digitalization, networking and intelligence, and has made great strides toward high-tech, high-quality and high-efficiency goals. In the video production, transmission, and other TV production and transmission links, digital network technology has been widely applied and promoted, and in the early stage of program production, for the TV lighting professional that plays an important role in the technical quality and artistic charm of TV pictures, How much digital technology plays a role? What kind of blueprint does the network show us? In the face of the wave of technology, how to grasp the development process of TV lighting, how to make full use of high-tech achievements to promote the development of lighting professional, these are It is a question worthy of serious consideration. Digital network technology brings us new opportunities and challenges.

1. Precision and diversity of dimming control

In the past, analog dimming technology has a small linear range of dimming curves, difficulty in achieving smooth changes in brightness, inaccurate brightness positioning caused by analog triggers, and long-distance attenuation and vulnerability to interference in low-voltage analog signals. In the lighting control, there are also defects such as single grouping, simple effect, and difficulty in memory. The digital signal dimming system, the digital signal ensures the accuracy of dimming, and a variety of optional light distribution curves provide a flexible choice for dimming linearity requirements. The standardized transmission line and signal amplification function enable remote control. With technical support, the flexibility of digital signals brings more colorful programming effects and convenient and accurate memory functions. For example, if a large number of intelligent lamps are used, a small number of people can complete a party program, which saves manpower and has more changes in artistic effects.

2, the reliability and versatility of lighting control

Compared with the traditional analog system, digitalization and networking can realize the tracking backup of the dimming signal, and provide hot backup for important occasions such as live broadcast, which enhances the reliability of the lighting control system. The standardization of digital signal generation, transmission and reception enables good interchangeability and versatility between various controllers and receivers.

3, the overall, expansion of the lighting system

The network system established on the basis of the digital device realizes the global control of the point-to-point. For each digital station that has been connected to the network, each console and the dimming cabinet can form an intercommunication. In this digital link, the lighting equipment of different studios can be controlled off-site, and all the distributed equipment can be monitored and managed at a certain point. When important programs are encountered, each port console can realize mutual backup and network connection of digital signals. It provides the possibility for the expansion of the lighting system. For example, the equipment supplier or technical maintenance can use the network to remotely diagnose and eliminate the faulty users, and complete after-sales service such as software upgrade.

4, the rapid development and application of led light source is a common phenomenon

Led flat panel lamps, led dyeing lamps, led spotlights, led imaging lamps, led computer lights, etc., have been common in our daily life, along the development of technology, the era of led light source all-round, will be for us The TV art business, lighting and lighting business has brought unprecedented glory.

Conclusion: Aphya, the father of modern lighting, realized the superb effect of lighting as early as a century ago. He said to this flowing crayon: "Light is in space, just like sound is in time, and it is best to express its vitality." Apia believes that lighting has "unparalleled emotional power", just like oriental art, A strong sense of spirit. The use of lighting colors in stage performances is, in a sense, a manifestation of the spirit.

In modern TV art, TV lighting is very important. TV lighting is far superior to the expressive power of TV art in the manufacturing space. Even a century ago, it has already begun to influence the design thinking of Apia. In his sequence of artistic creations, he was made to think that setting is not the most important, but because of the prominent role of space and lighting. He emphasized that the beauty design is no longer a static picture expressed through the setting of the scene, but a living stage atmosphere that follows the music and the actors' movements and constantly has lights to shape. It can be seen that the colored pen on the stage of the light has been able to determine the fate of the stage space.

With the development and progress of contemporary science and technology, new technologies, new equipment and new materials have been widely used on the stage, and the artistic expression of the stage has been unprecedentedly improved. This trend of using contemporary technology to change and develop the future stage art will undoubtedly continue. This is especially true for TV lighting. The large use and popularity of new lighting sources, new lamps, and new equipment have not only changed the overall artistic expression of the stage, but also greatly changed the image of lighting art. It seems to be Zhang. I opened my wings and could soar in the sky of stage art.

Entering the new century, TV art will undoubtedly encounter even greater challenges. Although the artistic expression of TV lighting has been paid attention to and valued by Chinese artists, it is still in its infancy, and it is far from the end. Especially with the development and further investment of contemporary and future technological forces, the vitality and multi-faceted expression of art will be stronger and its prospects will be better. The relationship between lighting and contemporary technology is obvious. TV art is a technical and materialistic artistic creation. It is inseparable from the necessary material conditions. The dual nature of TV lighting with art and technology is particularly obvious. Every TV worker, especially TV lighting workers, is required to attach great importance to it, strive to improve artistic accomplishment, and vigorously strengthen the use of lighting technology and study its future development. Some people predict that in the new century stage, in addition to the performance of actors, lighting will become the master, let us join hands to promote the common development of television industry and stage art.

references

[1] "Stage and Space Art" Cai Tiliang (Chinese Theatre Publishing House, January 2005)

[2] "TV Lighting Art" Li Xingguo (Beijing Broadcasting Institute Press, published in January 1993)

[3] "Stage Lighting Design and Background Production" (edited by Xu Yongliang) (Northern Industrial Press, November 2007)

[4] "The Film and Television Dance Beauty Lighting Design Art Book" edited by Chu Mingming (Electronic Science and Technology Press, October 2005)

About the Author:

Ding Jianping, bachelor degree, Bachelor of Arts. Director stage technician; second stage stage art designer. The current Jiaxing Radio and Television Group TV lighting design.

Member of the No. 2 Social Welfare Committee of Jiaxing City, member of the China Radio and Television Association Production Committee (Lighting) Working Committee; member of the China Stage Artists Association.

Engaged in lighting/dancing work for more than 30 years, Zhejiang Province 6th Theater Festival Lighting Design Single Award. He has won several high-level awards at the national and provincial levels; single awards for Zhejiang radio and television literature (lights, stage art).

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