The AI ​​heat wave is coming, the talent shortage is short, and the Internet giant is strong.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gained significant traction in the capital market. In early 2016, AlphaGo brought AI into the global spotlight, and governments began to recognize its strategic importance. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced that by 2030, China's AI technology would reach world-leading levels, positioning the country as a major global center for AI innovation.
At the venue of the AI Challenger Global AI Challenge, a contestant presented a PowerPoint slide that was generated using deep learning algorithms trained on images provided by the organizers. This showcased how AI can now not only recognize but also describe visual content with remarkable accuracy.
When it comes to industries, the ability to identify and describe images falls under computer vision. Following the second AI boom in the 1980s, AI research branched out into specialized areas such as machine vision and natural language processing. The breakthrough of neural networks in 2012 marked a turning point, enabling the third wave of AI development. With rapid improvements in hardware computing power and data storage, AI found its way into commercial applications. In image recognition and language translation, its value has already become indispensable.
Beyond commercial applications, AI is gaining momentum at the investment level. Venture capital firms and tech giants are pouring resources into AI-related fields. Companies are actively announcing their AI strategies, with some securing billions in funding to accelerate AI integration. Students in computer science and electronic engineering are increasingly showing interest in AI careers. However, as Shuai Jingwen, a third-year electrical engineering student at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, noted, "For people outside the industry, saying you're studying AI might sound impressive, but in school, we usually refer to specific professions."
With the growing popularity of AI, competitions have become more common, often organized by tech companies or investors. These events serve as platforms to identify and nurture future AI talent. According to Zhou Ming, deputy director of the Education and Testing Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China faces a shortfall of over 5 million AI professionals. Job advertisements from internet companies further highlight this demand.
Kai-Fu Lee, CEO of Innovation Works, emphasized the potential of China’s young AI scientists during the AI Challenger conference, stating that he hopes to see them compete globally within three years. Innovation Works, one of the event’s organizers, has been a strong advocate for AI development since 2016. Lee frequently spoke about AI's transformative power, even sharing slides that questioned how many jobs AI could replace.
Although AI gained public attention in 2016, initial investor enthusiasm was slow to build. In the first half of the year, an AI summit faced low turnout. But by the second half, the AI fever spread rapidly. Computer science and engineering scholars were invited to investment conferences, with one researcher receiving three invitations in a single week. Investment flowed into the sector, leading to a surge in AI startups. According to McKinsey, tech giants invested between $20 billion and $30 billion in AI in 2016, mostly in R&D and deployment, with a portion going toward acquisitions and early-stage investments.
Government support also increased significantly. In May 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other agencies released the "Internet +" AI Three-Year Action Plan. By 2017, AI was included in the government work report, and the State Council launched the "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan." The goal is to make China a global leader in AI theory, technology, and application by 2030.
Talent shortages have become a pressing issue. Luo Ruotian, a Ph.D. student in computer vision at Toyota University of Technology in Chicago, noted that the field has become increasingly competitive. Computer science and electronic engineering remain the primary pathways for AI talent. Liu Yang, an associate professor at Tsinghua University, observed a sharp increase in students choosing computer science after AI became a hot topic.
The capital market's focus on AI has made it a highly sought-after career. Shuai Jingwen shared that more graduates in his field are joining AI startups. Another AI professor mentioned that salaries for AI graduates rose significantly in 2016, raising expectations among current students.
Global AI talent demand far exceeds supply. A 2017 Tencent white paper reported around 300,000 AI professionals worldwide, with only 20,000 graduating annually. This gap is expected to persist for years. To address this, the industry is investing in research institutes and competitions like the AI Challenger, which attracted 8,892 teams and 106,790 participants in 2017—mostly from China.
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