The difference between the zero line (N) and the ground line (PE)
1. The ground wire is grounded to zero potential and is grounded nearby.
2. The ground potential of the neutral line is not necessarily zero. The neutral line is grounded at the substation and there may be a potential difference from the local ground.
3. Because the neutral line and the live line form a current loop, there is a voltage when the neutral line is disconnected, which is equivalent to the live line.
TN-C system (three-phase four-wire system), also known as the protection neutral line (PEN) line. Its advantage is that it saves one wire. The disadvantage is that the three-phase load is unbalanced or the protective neutral wire is disconnected, which will bring dangerous voltage to the metal casing of all the electrical equipment. Applicable to the basic balance of three-phase load.
TN-CS system (three-phase four-wire and three-phase five-wire hybrid system), the system is from the transformer to the user distribution box four-wire system, the neutral line and the protective ground line are one; from the distribution box to the user The neutral line and the protective ground line are separate, so it combines the characteristics of the TN-C system and the TN-S system, and is often used in places where the terminal system of the power distribution system is poor or has strict requirements for electromagnetic interference.
The TN-S system is a three-phase five-wire system. The N-line and PE-line of the system are separated, and the five-wire power supply is used from the transformer. The advantage is that the PE line does not pass current under normal conditions, so it does not cause electromagnetic interference to other devices connected to the PE line. In addition, since the N line is separated from the PE line, the N line disconnection does not affect the protection of the PE line. The TN-S system is safe and reliable, and is suitable for low-voltage power supply systems such as industrial and civil buildings.
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