What is the difference between weak wiring and strong wiring?

With the development of science and technology and the advent of the era of intelligent buildings, weak electricity and high-power engineering have received more and more attention, but how many people know their differences;

  Weak current : Weak current is very common. Almost all electronic products have weak current. Compared with strong electricity, weak current refers to the current and voltage required to transmit signals. The weak current is characterized by small current, high frequency and small voltage. For example, the voltage coming out of the microcontroller pin, the current is very small, is used for signal processing, this is weak.

  Strong electricity: Strong electricity is generally electricity in the power system, such as 220v lighting, and more than 1000v industrial power. The characteristics of high voltage are high voltage, low frequency, large current, and strong electricity is used to drive High-powered electrical equipment. For example, electric motors, electric lights and other electrical equipment.

The family circuit is divided into strong electricity and weak electricity. In the power system, the voltage below 36v is called the safety voltage, the voltage below 1kv is called the low voltage, the voltage above 1kv is called the high voltage, and the line directly supplying the power to the user is called the distribution line. For example, the user voltage is 380/220v . It is called the low-voltage distribution line, which is the strong electricity mentioned in the home decoration (because it is the highest voltage used by the family). Strong power generally means that the AC voltage is above 24V . Such as electric lights, sockets, etc. in the home, the voltage is 110V~220V . Electrical appliances such as lighting fixtures, electric water heaters, heaters, refrigerators, televisions, air conditioners, and audio equipment in household electrical appliances are all strong electrical equipment.   The intelligent system is a comprehensive system composed of construction equipment monitoring system, security defense system, communication network system, information network system, fire automatic alarm and fire linkage, etc., with the purpose of centralized monitoring, control and management; various data collection in the family. Control, management, and communication control or network systems are called intelligent lines (that is, weak electricity in home decoration). Weak current generally refers to DC circuits or audio, video lines, network lines, telephone lines, and the DC voltage is generally within 24V . The electrical input of telephones, computers, and televisions in household electrical appliances (cable television lines) and audio equipment (output lines) are all weak electrical equipment.

Strong and weak

People in the electronic world are accustomed to two parts: strong electricity (electricity) and weak electricity (information). The two are related and different. Generally speaking, the object of high-power processing is energy (electricity), which is characterized by high voltage, large current, high power and low frequency. The main considerations are to reduce losses, improve efficiency, and weak electricity. The processing object is mainly information, that is, the transmission and control of information, which is characterized by low voltage, small current, low power and high frequency. The main consideration is the effect of information transmission, such as the fidelity, speed and breadth of information transmission. ,reliability. In general, weak current projects include television engineering, communications engineering, fire engineering, security engineering, imaging engineering, etc., and integrated wiring engineering for the above projects. Weak electricity is for strong electricity. Strong electricity = ( 380/220 ), high voltage regardless. Conceptually, strong and weak electricity are generally easy to distinguish. The main difference is the difference in use. Strong electricity is used as a kind of power source, and weak electricity is used for information transmission.

Specifically, they have the following differences: ( 1 ) The AC frequency is different: the frequency of the strong electricity is generally 50 Hz (Hz), which is called the " power frequency " , which means the frequency of the industrial power: the frequency of the weak electricity is often the high frequency or UHF, in KHz (kilohertz), MHz (MHz). ( 2 ) Different transmission modes: strong power is transmitted by transmission line, and transmission of weak current is divided by wired and wireless. The radio is transmitted by electromagnetic waves. ( 3 ) The power, voltage and current are different. The strong electric power is KW (kilowatt), MW (megawatt), the voltage is V (volt), KV (kV), and the current is A (an), kA (kilogram ). Meter; weak electric power in W (Watts), mW (milliwatts), voltage in V (volts), mV (millivolts), current in mA (mA), uA (microamperes), thus its circuit It can be constructed with a printed circuit or an integrated circuit. Of course, there are also high-frequency (hundreds of KHz ) and medium-frequency devices in high-voltage, but the voltage is higher and the current is larger. Another example is that flashlights and electric shavers, although low in voltage and low in power and current, are still strong. Due to the development of modern technology, weak electricity has penetrated into the field of strong electricity, such as power electronic devices, wireless remote control, etc., but these can only be counted as the weak electricity control part of the strong electricity, which is different from the controlled strong electricity.

In the field of building electrical technology, people are accustomed to divide it into two parts: strong electricity (electricity) and weak electricity (information). The two are related and different. Generally speaking, the object of high-power processing is energy (electricity), which is characterized by high voltage, large current, high power and low frequency. The main considerations are to reduce losses, improve efficiency, and weak electricity. The processing object is mainly information, that is, the transmission and control of information, which is characterized by low voltage, small current, low power and high frequency. The main consideration is the effect of information transmission, such as the fidelity, speed and breadth of information transmission. ,reliability. In general, weak current projects include television engineering, communications engineering, fire engineering, security engineering, imaging engineering, etc., and integrated wiring engineering for the above projects. Weak electricity is for strong electricity. Strong electricity = ( 380/220 ), high voltage regardless.  

There is no distinction between strong electric wells and weak electric wells in modern building wiring. There are only 380/220v cables in the metal wells of strong electric wells, and there are more lines in the weak electric wells, such as optical fiber, twisted pair, video line, control line, network line, etc. Wait, etc., so intuitive and easy to distinguish, the two are also very particular about the wiring, such as spacing, shielding, grounding, etc., so now there is one in the internal lightning protection measures, reasonable wiring is critical, strong and weak The cable can not be laid in the same slot. By simulating the different wiring and shielding test on the electromagnetic induction of the signal line, the following conclusions are drawn on the wiring of the computer communication network system in the building: First, the cable entering the equipment room should be laid on In the metal trough, the layers are connected equipotentially, and the power line and the signal line should be laid in parallel and separated by a certain distance to prevent interference.

(Refer to the wiring specification.) 2. The communication cable layout should be concentrated in the middle of the building. Third, the design of the communication cable trunking should be located as far as possible from the building pillar or beam. Arrangement should be avoided as close as possible to the building columns or beams. From the perspective of lightning protection, the wiring must be clearly stated: (1) Do not erect the power cable in the same slot as the network cable, and keep the data socket at a certain distance from the power socket; (2) Do not erect the WAN cable with the LAN cable; (3) When the network cable and the wall are arranged, there are conditions that should be installed at a long distance; (4) What are the requirements for the thickness of the shielding groove and the requirements for two-point grounding electrical installation? Design and construction → material selection → line positioning → chisel wall trough → pipe buried box → pipe threading → electrical equipment installation → measurement inspection.

What is a concealed project for electrical installation? Laying the pipe in the brick wall, on the ground, in the beam, in the column, in the floor, in the ceiling; hidden (buried) in the wall or on the ground, the junction box of the roof, the lamp box, the switch box, etc. can not be seen after completion. The part is considered a covert project. What is the later electrical installation project? The later electrical installation project generally refers to the work of home decoration after the end of soil, wood and paint. The contents are: threading inside the pipe, installing switches and wirings in the switch box; installing switches and sockets; installing lamps; installing cable TV branches Install a video walkie-talkie, etc. What problems should be paid attention to when installing electrical concealed works? According to the location of the electrical appliances used in the home decoration design, determine the exact location of the distribution box, switch, socket, telephone jack, cable TV jack, broadband network jack, audio outlet box, lamps, etc., and install the elevation. The connection between the switch and the socket box and the pipe should be tightly sealed.

The interface between the pipe and the pipe, the pipe and the device is glued by special glue (refers to PVC pipe, junction box). The bending radius of the PVC threading pipe is generally 6 to 10 times the diameter of the pipe . Elbows must be made of PVC tube-specific spring benders. It is not advisable to use finished elbows, tees, etc. The elbows and tees of the finished products generally cannot meet the bending radius, and the nozzles should be temporarily blocked during construction to ensure threading. The inner wall of the tube is smooth, clean and dry. What problems should be paid attention to when threading inside the pipe? The threading inside the pipe shall be carried out before the threading is completed, the switch, the socket and the lamp are installed. The pipe mouth and the pipe joint inside the junction box should be protected by a protective ring (lock nut) to prevent damage to the wire insulation layer when threading. Wires with different voltages, different circuits and different signals are strictly not allowed to be worn in the same threading pipe. Why do wires have enough clearance in the threading tube? It is forbidden to block the wire inside the pipe in the threading pipe. Generally, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire to the cross-sectional area of ​​the threaded pipe is 1 : 3 to 1 : 2 : The total cross-sectional area of ​​the number of threads to be threaded (the outer plastic insulation layer containing the wire) is not greater than 40% of the inner diameter of the pipe , ensuring that there is a threaded pipe. Sufficient clearance allows the wire to dissipate heat generated by a large current in the line. Why can't I have a connector inside the threading pipe? Where should the joint be? It is forbidden to connect the wires in the threading pipe. If the length of the wire is not enough, the joint of the wire cannot be in the threading pipe. It should be connected in the junction box such as switch, socket and lamp box. Otherwise, the pipe will be blocked and the heat will be bad. Points are not easy to find, difficult to maintain, and may cause electrical fires. When should the electrical installation work be carried out in the later stage? The later electrical installation works should be completed at the end of the soil, wood, and paint projects, and the basic cleaning in the room can be completed. Pay attention to the protection of the finished products of each type of work during installation to prevent pollution and damage caused by installation. Why is it prohibited to use mobile bedside lamps? The mobile bedside light switch is connected to the switch by a soft insulated wire. If the wire and the switch are separated during use, the exposed wire head may expose to a fire or electric shock. How to determine the capacity and number of circuits of the household switch box (distribution box)? The main switch of the home is selected based on the total power of the household appliance.

The total power is 0.8 times the sum of the functions of each shunt , that is, the total power P total = ( P1 + P2 + P3 + ...... + Pn ) × 0.8 ( kW ) The current of the main switch should be I total = P total × 4.5 (a) wherein P ---- total total power (capacity) P1, P2, P3, ...... , Pn ---- ---- total shunt power I total current shunt switch points withstand current I = 0.8 Pn × 4.5 ( A ) and the air conditioning circuit should take into account the starting current, its switching capacity is I air conditioning = ( 0.8 Pn × 4.5 ) × 3 ( A ) The circuit is divided by the family area. Generally speaking, the capacity of the shunt is selected to be less than 1.5 kW , and the function of the single electric appliance is listed as a sub-circuit in the above 1kW ( such as air conditioner, electric water heater, heater lamp, high-power household appliances )   How is the electricity consumption calculated? How to choose the wire specifications? Household electricity meters are also called power meters. Calculation of electricity consumption: 1 kWh ( kW/h ) = 1000W × h is the product of the power of the appliance and time. The choice of wire is copper core wire as an example. The empirical formula is wire cross section (unit: m m2) ≈I/4 (A). If the wire conductor of 1 m m2 section has a rated current capacity ≈4A . Example: The current of a household single-phase watt-hour meter is 40A , and the selection wire (the copper core wire has a cross-section specification of 1 m m2, 1.5 m m2 > 2.5)   M2, 5 m2, 6 m2, >10 m2, 16   M2, 25   M2, 35 m< m2) is i>

How to choose lamps? When the design has regulations, it should be selected according to the design requirements. When there is no regulation, it can be selected according to the owner's preference. It is recommended to choose lamps with glass cover for kitchen and bathroom, so as to avoid water and oil smoke polluting the light source and easy to clean. The living room can choose some art lamps, the bedroom lamps can choose the ceiling lamp with normal illumination, and the illumination should not be too strong. Floor-standing pole lights can also be used to provide warm comfort with wall and ceiling reflections. The lighting of the study should be selected from local lighting, such as floor lamps, desk lamps, and work lights. What are the regulations for the installation of lamps? Installation of the luminaire should be done after painting. When installing the luminaire on the brick-concrete structure, the embedded hook, expansion bolt, nylon expansion tube or plastic expansion tube should be used. It is strictly forbidden to use the wooden wedge; when the weight of the luminaire is more than 4kg , it should be fixed by embedded hook or bolt. . The load carrying capacity of the fixture should match the weight of the luminaire. The luminaire shall not be directly installed on the flammable component. When the high temperature part of the luminaire is close to the combustible material, heat insulation and heat dissipation measures shall be taken. Pipe hanging lamps, the inner diameter of the steel pipe shall not be less than 10mm ; the wall thickness of the steel pipe shall not be less than 1.5mm . The base of the chain luminaire should not be pulled, and the light should be spliced ​​with the sling.

The cords of the cord chandelier shall be protected at both ends, and the ends shall be tinned. Lamps installed in rows in the same room or place shall have a centerline deviation of not more than 5 mm (except for other requirements of the design). Fluorescent lamps and their accessories should be used together, and the installation location should be easy to inspect and repair. Fixing the fixture should be secure. When the diameter of the insulating table is 75mm or more, there should be no less than two bolts for fixing each luminaire . How to choose a socket? What are the regulations for installing sockets? At present, home decoration generally chooses a concealed socket. There are a wide variety of outlets on the market, but the form is generally the same. It is recommended that the owner choose a branded outlet to ensure quality.

Pay attention to the following points when installing the socket:

( 1 ) The installation height of the socket shall be installed according to the design requirements when the design is specified; when the design is not clear, the following requirements shall generally be met: the socket with the safety door shall not be less than 0.3M . The socket without the safety door is not low with 1.8M . It is recommended to purchase sockets with safety gates as much as possible, as the prices are not much different.

( 2 ) Sealed waterproof and splash-proof sockets should be used in the bathroom or other wet places. Note: The socket with safety door is a plastic baffle (safety door) in front of the metal socket of the jack. Three-hole socket, when the plug is inserted, the grounding pile head (slightly long) is inserted into the hole first, and the mechanism inside the socket opens the other two hole doors. The two-hole socket must be inserted into the socket pile head at the same time, and the safety door can be opened to prevent young Child error inserts metal objects to cause a safety accident.

( 3 ) When the socket is installed, its panel should be straight and close to the wall. And the wiring (phase) should meet the following requirements: single-phase two-hole socket, facing the right or upper hole of the socket to connect the phase line (fire line); the left or lower hole is connected to the zero line. Single-phase three-hole socket, facing the right hole of the socket to connect the phase line ( L , fire line), the left hole to the neutral line ( N ), the upper hole to the ground line ( PE ).

How to check the quality of the measuring line? The quality of the line is mainly to see if the line has no open circuit and whether the insulation resistance meets the requirements. The measurement method is: cut off the power supply with a megger ( 500V.0 ~ 500M ohm) for each circuit insulation resistance test: ~ 220V circuit, its insulation resistance should be above 0.25M ohms; ~ 380V circuit, its insulation resistance It should be qualified above 0.38M Euro. What problems should be paid attention to when laying cable TV lines? Cable TV access indoors and branch distributors should be based on the number and location of TV sets used by the family, select the corresponding number of branches of the matching device, radiate to each point of use, the wire is generally used to wear PVC20 tube with sky75 - 5 coaxial cable ( The coaxial cable must have a permit for production and network access by the national or local radio and television department. Note that there should be no connectors in the middle of the connection to ensure the viewing effect. What should I pay attention to when laying the telephone line? The introduction of the outdoor telephone line, in addition to the original 1 telephone line, should also reserve 2 pairs of input threading pipe PVC16 , one pair for communication, and the other pair for future computer access to broadband network. Some telecommunications departments have set the network cable (broadband) to the door of each household. Therefore, the network cable 4 ( 2*0.5 ) and PVC20 should be set outdoors in the home during decoration to facilitate connection with the network cable. The quality of the telephone line and network cable selected in the threading pipe must conform to the national standard. There should be no joints in the threading pipe, water and moisture should be accumulated, and the line should avoid interference from strong magnetic fields and other high-power electrical equipment. What should you pay attention to when laying a surround sound speaker for a home theater (audio)? In home theater homes, the surround sound speakers of their audio equipment are usually placed behind the viewer.

When installing at home, it is necessary to use 80-100 core RBV2×1.5 crystal flat wire to wear PVC20 tube to the proper position behind the viewer. If other rooms also want to share this video, you can reserve the front line and video line. What should I pay attention to when installing and debugging electric water heaters? The installation of electric water heaters must use the special hooks and expansion tubes or expansion bolts. The sockets that are horizontal, firm and beautiful, and must be grounded to the electric water heater must be grounded. The sockets and electric water heater plugs should be matched. During the test, the air in the water heater's bladder should be excluded, and the water can be started after being filled with water.

Electric Slip Ring

An electric slip ring is a rotary electrical connector. It allows uninterrupted power or signal transfer between two stationary points. It is also known as an electric Rotary Joint, power swivel, or electrical rotary joint. Electric slip rings are usually composed of a metal ring with several brush contacts on the inner circumference. And there are one or more pairs of contacts for power or signals on the outer circumference. The metal ring can be rigid or flexible, depending on the application.

An electric slip ring is an electromechanical device that allows the transmission of electrical power and signals from a stationary to a rotating structure. It consists of an electrically conductive rotating disc or ring, with a number of electrical contacts (or "slots") on its surface. The contacts are connected to external circuits, enabling the passage of power and/or data from the stationary to the rotating structure. Slip rings are also used in generators, where they allow the passage of current from the rotor to the stator.

A flat disc electrical slip ring is one kind of electric slip ring, it has many advantages: simple construction, small size, low cost, easy installation, and maintenance. It is widely used in various fields such as machine tools, textile machinery, printing machinery, packaging machinery, medical equipment, and aerospace equipment.

A 360-degree rotating Conductive Slip Ring is also called a hollow shaft slip ring or hollow conduct. It has an opening in the center that allows a shaft to pass through, making it ideal for rotating applications. Slip rings are often used in medical equipment, robotics, and manufacturing assemblies where rotation is required. This type of slip ring can handle large currents and voltages while providing a continuous electrical connection.

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