Servo system structure and classification - Solutions - Huaqiang Electronic Network
A servo system is typically composed of three main components: the controller, the power drive unit, and the feedback mechanism, along with the motor (see Figure 1). The controller plays a crucial role by comparing the desired value from the numerical control system with the actual value provided by the feedback device. Based on this difference, it adjusts the control signal accordingly. The power drive unit serves as the central electrical circuit of the system. It receives power from the grid and supplies it to the motor based on the control signal's magnitude. Additionally, it regulates the torque produced by the motor. This unit also converts constant voltage and frequency power into either AC or DC, depending on what the motor requires for optimal operation. The motor, in turn, executes the mechanical motion based on the power supplied. This integration of components ensures precise control and efficient operation in various applications, such as robotics, automation, and industrial machinery.
The components shown in Figure 1 can vary significantly, and any modification or substitution of these elements can lead to different types of servo systems. Servo systems are commonly categorized based on the type of motor used—either DC or AC. They can also be classified according to how the controller is implemented, such as analog or digital servos. Furthermore, they can be divided based on the number of closed loops in the control system, including open-loop, single-loop, dual-loop, and multi-loop configurations. Each configuration offers unique advantages and is suited for specific applications, depending on the required precision, speed, and stability.
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