"Order" and "Road" of Frequency Divider

In speaker evaluation, especially 2.0 mid-range and high-end speaker evaluation, you will definitely talk about crossovers. For speakers, the crossover is very important. But it is often easy for everyone to make mistakes in the description of the frequency divider, what is the "order" of the frequency divider, and what is the "path" of the frequency divider, we will explain to you in the following.
Regardless of active crossover, only the post-stage passive crossover usually used in 2.0 speakers. Generally speaking, the crossover includes three basic parameters.

One, the frequency divider of the frequency divider, this should go without saying.

Second, it is the so-called "way" of the frequency divider, that is, the frequency divider can divide the input original signal into several different frequency band signals. ".

3. The "order" of the frequency divider, also called "class".

A passive frequency divider is essentially a composite of several high-pass and low-pass filter circuits, and the number of these filter circuits is the "path" mentioned above. But in each filter circuit, there is a more elaborate design. In other words, in each filter circuit, it can be filtered multiple times, and the number of times of this filtering is the "order" of the frequency divider.

Below, we look at two circuit diagrams, the top is "dual first-order frequency divider", the bottom is "dual second-order frequency divider".

First-order crossover (left), second-order crossover (right)

From the above figure, we can clearly see that the first-order frequency divider is also a structure of inductive capacitance frequency division, and each channel in the second-order frequency divider has been filtered twice. Is the true meaning of "second order"!

In fact, the expression "second-order frequency divider" is not standardized, because "order" is not for the entire frequency divider, but for one of the "roads", so the strict statement should be " Two-way frequency divider, both high and low frequencies use second-order filtering ", because although it is not common, but high-frequency uses second-order filtering and low-frequency uses first-order filtering.



First-order crossover (left), second-order crossover (right)
In addition to the first-order and second-order crossovers, passive crossovers also have third-, fourth-, and even sixth-order crossovers. The advantage of using high-order frequency division is that its filter attenuation slope is greater, the frequency division effect is better, and it is also conducive to the design of the frequency division compensation circuit (because it is not the more thorough and clean the frequency divider is the better frequency division In theory, the two signal curves after frequency division are superimposed, which is exactly the same as the original curve, which is the real good frequency divider), but the power loss of high-order frequency division is large, especially the phase influence is large If the design is not good, the sound will be messed up. So it is not better to divide the higher order.

As for capacitor frequency division or resistance capacitance frequency division, it simply cannot be called a "frequency divider"! , Because it has only one high-pass filtered signal, there is no "pointer" where it comes from? This is not to mention any "order".

Most of the 2.0 multimedia speakers on the market use capacitor or resistor-capacitor crossover, few use crossovers, and few use second-order crossovers. If the shock wave SB-2000 uses a first-order frequency divider, and the second-order frequency divider is used, only the Hivi T200A, M200, Edifier S2000, 1900TIII and so on.

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