Automotive sensor technology and application trends
"There is no modern car without sensor technology" has become a consensus in the industry, which means that the more advanced automotive electronics, the higher the degree of automation, the greater the dependence on sensors. In this regard, industry experts believe that the future of new automotive application systems will give birth to new automotive sensors and supporting them. The biggest feature of the sensor is the continuous introduction of new technologies to develop new functions. The general development trend of future automotive sensor technology is miniaturization, multifunction and intelligence.
Development trends of automotive sensors in the world
Information shows that dozens of sensors are installed on an ordinary family car, and the number of sensors on a luxury car can be as many as 200. According to market research agency Strategy AnalyTIcs, auto sensor sales will reach US $ 15.8 billion by 2012.
Vehicle sensors are roughly divided into three categories: power system, safety management system and body comfort system sensors. Among them, the power system sensor market has the largest proportion, reflecting the most advanced technology of automotive sensors. For example, the angle error of the accelerator pedal position sensor must be within 0.4%; the throttle position sensor requires extremely high reliability and must be able to work from -50 degrees to 150 degrees.
In the power system, active sensors lead the development trend. Cam and crankshaft sensors are the key to the power system because they are closely related to the car's "heart" engine. The active cam sensor and crankshaft sensor can provide more protection for the power system, so it will lead the future development trend. It is estimated that in 2009, 58.2 million active crankshaft sensors will be put into use, while passive sensors will be reduced to 21.5 million.
In the safety management system, the pressure sensor implements side airbag control. Automobile safety management systems are also widely used sensors. There are two schemes for controlling the side airbag of the car: acceleration sensor and pressure sensor. According to authoritative data, compared with the acceleration sensor, the pressure sensor is nearly three times faster than the acceleration sensor in detecting the side impact speed, and the probability of misoperation is smaller.
In the body comfort system, the doors, gearbox, and passive safety make the car smarter. In the door module, DC motor position sensors are used for the door handles and window control. The distributed door module architecture is adopted and connected through the LIN bus. The gearbox can meet different gearbox position requirements and save costs by using 2-axis or 3-axis angle / linear sensors. The specific sensor selection depends on the function and design requirements of the automobile gearbox. Passive safety devices include seat load detection, seat belt opening / buckling monitoring, seat position adjustment detection (to ensure effective protection of the airbag system), etc. The details of these controls also have considerable demand for automotive sensors.
Acceleration, vibration, and speed sensors are the three main sensors in automobile motion measurement, and have maintained stable and strong growth momentum. At present, there are more than 30 large enterprises producing these three sensors in the world, among which the top 5 companies occupy a market share of 31.3%. For example, Endevco accounted for 13.6%, Wilcoxa Research accounted for 9.1%, Motorola accounted for 4.2%, IMI accounted for 3.0%, and Analog Devices accounted for 1.4%.
The increasingly strict requirements for exhaust emissions in western developed country emission regulations have promoted the development and production of oxygen sensors for automobiles. At present, there are several practical automotive oxygen sensors including germanium oxide oxygen sensor and titanium dioxide oxygen sensor.
It is worth mentioning that miniaturized sensors use micro-machining technology to integrate and package micron-level sensitive components, signal conditioners, and data processing devices on a single chip. Due to its small size, low price, and easy integration, it can improve the test accuracy of the system. For example, the micro pressure sensor and the micro temperature sensor are integrated together, and the pressure and temperature are measured at the same time. Temperature effect. At present, many miniature sensors have been released, such as pressure sensors, accelerometers, silicon accelerometers for collision prevention, etc.
Embedding a miniature pressure sensor in the car tire can maintain proper inflation and avoid over or under inflation, which can save 10% fuel. The multi-functional characteristics enable the sensor to simultaneously detect two or more characteristic parameters.
The smart sensor is equipped with a dedicated computer, and its rapid development has improved the safety performance of the car to an unprecedented height. With the development of microelectronic technology and micromachining technology, sensors are developing in the direction of miniaturization, multifunctionalization and intelligence.
Illustration of the application of sensors in automobiles
China's automotive sensor development technology is very worried
Strategy AnalyTIcs predicts that from 2004 to 2009, global automotive sensors will show a growth rate of about 9%.
The Chinese market is fertile ground for the development of automotive sensors. In recent years, the Chinese sensor market has continued to grow. According to the latest survey data of CCW Research, the annual compound growth rate of China's automotive sensor market sales will exceed 35% from 2007 to 2010. It is estimated that the sales in the Chinese market in 2009 will be close to 1.05 billion US dollars, with a year-on-year growth rate of 40.5%; the market sales in China in 2010 are expected to exceed 1.32 billion US dollars, with a year-on-year growth rate of 35.2%.
China has leapt to the second largest auto market in the world. According to data released by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, as early as 2007, China's auto production and sales have both exceeded 8.8 million units, a year-on-year increase of 22.02%, becoming the second largest after the United States. The second largest automobile consumer.
In 2008, the size of China's automotive sensor market reached 5.7 billion US dollars. It is expected that the Chinese automotive sensor market will reach 10 billion yuan in 2010 and 15 million in 2015. The trend of automotive electronics is that ECUs are more and more concentrated, and more and more sensors. The sensors used in China's EFI system account for more than 70% of the system. The cost of ABS (anti-lock brake system) sensors is about 50 yuan. The domestic output is 1 million sets, and the output value is 50 million yuan. The sensors of airbags account for the cost of the system. More than 70%, the price of the airbag sensor is about 2,000 yuan, and the demand is 1 million sets / year, so the output value of the sensor can reach 2 billion yuan.
Industry experts are therefore optimistic about the development prospects of automotive sensors in China. They believe that the increase in the number of cars and the increase in the number of sensors used in each car determine that the capacity of the Chinese automotive sensor market will continue to increase, and the Chinese sensor market is entering a period of vigorous development.
However, compared with the foreign sensor industry, China's automotive sensors have not yet formed an independent industry. Since the 1980s, China's auto industry has introduced advanced foreign technologies and matching sensor production technologies, which have basically met the domestic demand for small batches and low-level models. The sensors provided by the Chinese auto industry are only low-end products. The car sensor is a second-level accessory product for the OEM, and it must enter the OEM accessory in a systematic form. When the Chinese engine electronic control system is imported from abroad, its corresponding supporting sensors are also imported into China.
It can be seen that the overall level of China's automotive sensor industry is low, and a variety of sensors, especially high-level automotive sensors, still rely on imports. The sensor market is mostly occupied by international parts giants such as Siemens, Bosch, and Honeywell, while the domestic automotive sensor industry is developing slowly.
The industry believes that the production technology and production scale of Chinese sensor companies have not yet met the high-tech requirements of the automotive industry, and more than 500,000 high-performance automotive sensors must be imported every year. Compared with similar products abroad, China's automotive sensor products have a level difference of more than 10 years. For example, many of the crankshaft position and speed sensors produced by Chinese companies use electromagnetic or Hall sensor methods, which have problems of low accuracy, poor resolution, low signal accuracy, and weak anti-interference. The product has already adopted the photoelectric type, effectively avoiding the above-mentioned drawbacks.
In addition, the trend of miniaturization, multi-function, integration and intelligence of automotive sensors has put forward higher requirements for the adoption of new processes and the development of new materials. Various sensors such as magneto-sensitive, gas-sensitive, force-sensitive, heat-sensitive, photoelectric, laser, etc. came into being, and the material of the sensor has also developed from metal to semiconductor, ceramic, optical fiber and other materials. In these respects, the gap between Chinese companies and foreign companies is huge.
At present, with the upgrading of automotive technology, domestic and foreign companies have listed automotive sensor technology as a key high-tech development. Miniaturization, intelligentization, non-contact measurement and MEAS sensing technology will gradually replace traditional mechanical, strain gauge, sliding potentiometer and other sensing technologies. Automotive sensors will achieve significant safety, energy saving, environmental protection and intelligence breakthrough. The competition of major sensor manufacturers in terms of performance will increase the technical content of automotive sensors, reduce production costs, and promote a new technological revolution to promote the development of the automotive sensor industry.
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